British Grenadiers (1) (The)

 BRITISH GRENADIERS, THE. English, March, Reel, or Morris Dance Tune (4/4 time). D Major (Kerr, Raven, Sweet): G Major (Bacon, Wade). Standard tuning (fiddle). AABB (Kerr, Raven, Sweet, Wade): ABBABBACCACC (Bacon). The origins of the "British Genadiers," one of the most famous of English martial tunes, can be traced to a song called "The New Bath" published by Playford in the late 17th century, however it may be older than even that. Walker, in his History of Music in England (1924) concludes the present melody "is the result of some three centuries' evolution of an Elizabethan tune." One version was printed in the Edinburg Musical Miscellany of 1738, and another version exists from 1745. By the time of the American Revolution, the tune was quite well known and had been popular for nearly a century; popular enough certainly to have fostered many 18th century parodies. According to Christopher Ward (1952) it was played by British military musicians during the Battle of Brandywine in September of 1777. The melody appeared in the revised version of the burletta pantomime Harlequin Everywhere "which reopened in January, 1780 at Covent Garden {London}, after the Americans had been bloodily thrown back from Savannah, Ga., during the War of Independence" (Winstock, 1970, p. 30). It was well-known in the Colonies and by American musicians during and after the Revolution. It appears in William William's 1775 manuscript printed in Pautuxit, Rhode Island. The Henry Brown and Mr. Thompson manuscripts (1789 and 1790, respectively) included the tune, both calling it "Vain Britons, Boast No Longer," an expression of post-Revolutionary pride. The subjects of the title, grenadiers serving in the English army, were originally soldiers who threw grenades "and thus tended to be long in arm, big, tall men" according to historian Byron Farwell (1981). Grenades went out of fashion for some time in European warfare, but grenadier companies consisting of the tallest men were usually attached to battalions and were thought of as specialized, somewhat elite troops, so that "...by the First World War the term 'grenadier' had so changed its meaning that when the grenade throwers returned to the battlefield there were objections to calling them grenadiers and they became known as 'bombers' (Farwell). It is a tradition, says David Murray (Music of the Scottish Regiments, Edinburgh, 1994, pg. 179), that "The British Grenadiers" is the march past of all British fusilier regiments, "an allusion to the bursting grenade badge which all share in some form or another." "The British Grenadiers" has entered morris dance tradition as a polka step tune for North-West Morris and a Cotswold morris from the village of Longborough, Gloucestershire. See also Carolan's derivative melody "Grace Nugent." The following lyrics appears with the tune in the Edinburg Musical Miscellany: Some talk of Alexander, and some of Hercules, Of Conon and Lysander, and some miltiades; But of all the world's brave heroes there'd none that can compare With a tow, row, row, row, row to the British Grenadiers; But of all the world's brave heroes there'd none that can compare With a tow, row, row, row, row to the British Grenadiers. Printed sources: Bacon (The Morris Ring), 1974; p. 252. Jarman (Old Time Fiddlin' Tunes); No. or p. 33. S. Johnson (The Kitchen Musician No. 4: Collection of Fine Tunes), 1983 (revised 1991, 2001); pg. 3. Kerr (Merry Melodies), vol. 3; No. 380, p. 42. Raven (English Country Dance Tunes), 1984; p. 150. Sweet (Fifer's Delight), 1964; p. 18 (two versions). Wade (Mally's North West Morris Book), 1988; No. 16. Westrop (120 Country Dances, Jigs, Reels, Hornpipes, Strathspeys, Spanish Waltz etc. for the Violin), c.1923; No. 45.

Recorded source: F&W Records 4, "The Canterbury Country Orchestra Meets the F&W String Band" (1972). TR001, Trapezoid - "Trapezoid" (1975). See also listing at: Jane Keefer's Folk Music Index: An Index to Recorded Sources.

X:1 T:British Grenediers M:2/4 L:1/8 R:March S:Kerr - Merry Melodies, vol. 3, No. 380 (c. 1880's) Z:AK/Fiddler's Companion K:D A| dAde | fg/f/ ef/g/|ad f/e/d/c/|d/D/E/F/ G/A/B/c/| dAde|fg/f/ ef/g/|Ad f/e/d/c/|d3:| dc/d/ ed/e/|fe/f/ gf/g/|ad f/e/d/c/|d3:||
 * f|a>bag|f>gaa|bb a/g/f/e/|(e2c)A|

X:045 T:British Grenadiers,The. WES.045 M:2/4 L:1/8 R:Country Dance Q:1/4=120 B:T. Westrop's 120 Country Dances, Jigs, Reels, Hornpipes, Strathspeys, Spanish Waltz etc. for the Violin, n.d.(c.1923) Z:R.Greig 2010 K:D A|dAde|f(g/f/) e(f/g/)|ad f/e/d/c/|1 d2z:|2dD/D/ D|] dc/d/ ed/e/|fe/f/ gf/g/|ad f/e/d/c/|dD/D/ D:|]
 * a|a>bag|f>gad|bb a/g/f/e/|(d2c)A|

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