Annotation:Carman's Whistle (The)

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 CARMAN'S WHISTLE, THE. English, Air (6/4 or 6/8 time). C Major (Chappell): D Major (Raven). Standard tuning. One part (Kines): AABB (Chappell, Raven). The air, harmonized by the famous English composer William Byrd, appears in both the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book and My Lady Nevells Virginal Book (1591), as well as Jane Pickering's Virginal Book and a British Museum Eg. MSS. 2,046. Chappell (1859) decided the popular sixteenth century ballad "was not suitable for publication" in his book, being risque by Victorian standards. The unexpurgated lyrics are printed by Kines (1964) and contain the usual double entendres of such bawdy songs of the period: When he had played unto her One merry note or two, Then was she so rejoiced She knew not what to do. "Oh, God-a-mercy, carman, Thou art a lively lad; Thou hast as rare a whistle As ever carman had."  (Kines) Chappell explains that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries carriages and coaches were introduced from Europe and the trade of carter or carman developed. These individuals "appear to have been singularly famous for their musical abilities; but especially for whistling their tunes." Chappell and Pulver (1923) reference several works which allude to the musical skill of the carmen; one is Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair (I,1) when Waspe says: I dare not let him walk alone, for fear of learning idle tunes, which  ''he will sing at supper and in the sermon times! If he meet but a carman'' in the street, and I find him not talk to keep him off him, he will whistle him all his tunes over at night, in his sleep.     (Act i., sc. 1) Shakespeare has Falstaff say of Justice Swallow in Henry IV, Part II, Act 3, that he "Sang the tunes he heard the carmen whistle and swore they were his Fancies or his Good-nights."

Source for notated version: Printed sources: Chappell (Popular Music of the Olden Time), vol. 1, 1859; p. 253. Kines (Songs From Shakespeare's Plays and Popular Songs of Shakespeare's Time), 1964; p. 57. Raven (English Country Dance Tunes), 1984; p. 8. Recorded sources:

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