Annotation:Duke of Gordon's Birthday (The)

|Tune properties and standard notation

 DUKE OF GORDON'S BIRTHDAY, THE. AKA and see "Boston O'Connor," "Casey's Pig." Scottish, Canadian; Strathspey. Canada; Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island. G Major. Standard tuning (fiddle). AB (Dunlay & Greenberg, Surenne): AAB (Hunter, Marshall): AA'B (Athole): AABB (Kerr, Skye): AABB' (Gow, Perlman). One of the first tunes composed by the great Scottish fiddler and composer William Marshall (1748-1833). The Duke of Gordon was Alexander (1743-1827), 4th Duke of Gordon, who was Marshall's employer (Marshall was his Steward) and an important patron of his music. It was first published in Marshall's First Collection of 1781, and later appeared in a Gow's Repository (First Part) in 1799. Paul Stewart Cranford (1995) remarks that some of Marshall's tunes have been in oral tradition so long in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, that local sets have evolved; this is one such tune and numerous Cape Breton versions exist, sometimes distanced from Marshall's original. Dunlay and Greenberg (1996) note that "The Duke of Gordon's Birthday" is often used as a stepdance strathspey on Cape Breton, and Perlman (1996) records that it is the most widely played strathspey on Prince Edward Island (though the tune is distanced from its original form). Gaelic port-a-beul words have become attached to the tune, called "A' Chaora Ruadh" (The Red Sheep), and a verse by Cape Breton storyteller Joe Neil MacNeil can be found in the booklet accompanying Topic 12TS354. In County Donegal, Ireland, the tune is played as a Highland where it is well-known under the title "Casey's Pig." In America, the "Duke of Gordon's Birthday" was included in the c. 1800 music manuscript copybook of musician William Patten, perhaps of Philadelphia, Pa.  Source for notated version: Douglas Lawrence of Buckie, a student of Hector MacAndrew's (Scotland) [Hunter]; Margaret (Chisholm) MacDonald (Cape Breton) [Dunlay & Greenberg]; Peter Chaisson, Jr. (b. 1942, Bear River, North-East Kings County, Prince Edward Island) [Perlman].  Printed sources: Aird (Selection of Scotch, English, Irish and Foreign Airs, vol. 4), 1796; p. 1. Dunlay & Greenberg (Traditional Celtic Violin Music of Cape Breton), 1996; p. 91. Gow (Complete Repository), Part 1, 1799; p. 12. Hunter (Fiddle Music of Scotland), 1988; No. 73. Kerr (Merry Melodies), vol. 1; Set 2., No. 3, p. 4 (appears as "Duke of Gordon"). MacDonald (The Skye Collection), 1887; p. 99. Marshall, Fiddlecase Edition, 1978; 1822 Collection, p. 38. McGlashan (A Collection of Reels), vol. 3, c. 1786; p. 2. Perlman (The Fiddle Music of Prince Edward Island), 1996; p. 187. Stewart-Robertson (The Athole Collection), 1884; p. 163. Surenne (Dance Music of Scotland), 1852; pp. 38-39. Thompson (Twenty Four Country Dances for the Year 1795), p. 74 (appears as "The Duke of Gordon's Birthday Ball").  Recorded sources: ACC-49398, Brenda Stubbert - "House Sessions" (1992). Appears as "Duke of Gordon Strathspey"). CAT-WMR004, Wendy MacIssac - "The 'Reel' Thing" (1994). Celtic CX 22, Donald and Theresa MacLellan - "The MacLellan Trio" (appears as "Duke of Gordon's"). Celtic CX 052, Donald MacLellan (c. 1950's). DAB4-1985, Donald Angus Beaton - "A Musical Legacy" (1985). Marimac 6501, Eddy Arsenault - "The Old Time Fiddlers of Prince Edward Island" (1993). Marquis ERA 181, David Greenberg - "Bach Meets Cape Breton" (1996). Paddledoo Music PAD 105, Buddy MacMaster - "Scottish Fiddle Rally, Concert Highlights 1985-1995" (1996). Rodeo Banff RBS 1066, Dan Joe MacInnis - "The Cape Breton Fiddle of...(1962. Appears as "Duke of Gordon"). Rodeo RLP 75, John A MacDonald - "Marches, Strathspeys, Reels & Jigs of the Cape Breton Scot." Rounder 7003, John Campbell - "Cape Breton Violin Music" (1976. Appears as "The Duke of Gordon"). Topic 12TS354, Alex Francis MacKay - "The Music of Cape Breton, Vol. 2, Cape Breton Scottish Fiddle" (1978).  See also listings at: Alan Snyder's Cape Breton Fiddle Recordings index  Jane Keefer's Folk Music Index Alan Ng's Irishtune.info

|Tune properties and standard notation