Annotation:Pen-Rhaw

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X:1 T:Pen Rhaw M:C L:1/8 R:Air Q:"Moderato" B:Edward Jones – Musical and Poetical Relicks of the Welsh Bards (1784, p. 72) F:https://s9.imslp.org/files/imglnks/usimg/7/72/IMSLP40016-PMLP87702-Jones_Welsh_Bards_1784.pdf Z:AK/Fiddler’s Companion K:F V:1 F3G AGAF|B3A B2G2|(F3G) AGA=B|c4 cBAG| F3G AGAF|B2 B>B (B/c/d2) z/B/|([A3c3][Bd]) [Ac][GB][FA][EG]|[A,2F2][G,2E2][A,4C4F4]:| |:([F3A3c3f3]g) f_edc|B3c dcBA|([G3=B3d3g3]a) gfed|c3=B cdec| [F3A3c3f3]g f_edc|B2 B>c (B/c/d2) z/B/|(c2 d)B (A2B)G|F2 (E>F/G/4) F4:| P:Variation 1 F/G/A/B/ (A/c/)(G/B/) F/G/A/B/ A/c/B/A/|(G/A/B/c/) (B/d/)(A/c/) G/A/B/c/ B/d/c/B/|F/G/A/B/ A/c/G/B/ F/A/E/G/ F/A/G/B/|c[EG][EG][FA] [E4G4]| F/G/A/B/ A/c/G/B/ F/G/A/B/ A/c/B/A/|G/A/B/c/ B/d/A/c/ G/A/B/c/ B/d/c/B/|c>(3G/c/4d/4 cd c/e/B/d/ A/c/G/B/|F[FA][FA][EG] [A,4F4]:| |:f>(3F/A/4c/4 fg f/g/_e/f/ d/e/c/d/|B/c/d/_e/ d/f/c/e/ B/c/d/e/ d/f/e/d/|g>(3G/=B/4d/4 ga g/a/f/g/ e/f/d/e/|c/d/e/f e/g/d/f/ c/d/e/f/ e/g/f/e/| f>(3F/A/4c/4 fg f/g/_e/f/ d/e/c/d/|B/c/d/e/ d/f/c/e/ B/c/d/e/ d/f/e/d/|c>(3G/A/4B/4 cd c/e/B/d/ A/c/G/B/|z/C/F/A/ z/B,/E/G/ [A,4F4]:| V:2 clef = bass F,,2C,2 F,4|G,,2G,2E,2C,2|F,,2F,2F,2D,2|C,2G,,2 E,,2C,,2| F,,2F,2F,2F,2|G,,2G,2E,3z|F,2B,2C2C,2|F,,2F,2 F,,4:| |:F,2C2A,2F,2|G,2G,,2 z4|G,2D,2=B,,2G,,2|C2G,2E,2C,2| F,2E,2F,2z2|G,2F,2E,3z|F,2B,2C2C,2|F,,2F,2 F,,4:| F,,2C,2 F,4|G,,2G,2E,2C,2|F,,2F,2F,2D,2|C,4 C,B,,A,,G,,| F,,2F,2F,4|G,,2G,2E,2 z2|F,2B,2C2C,2|F,,F,F,,F, F,4:| [F,,2F,2]z2 A,2F,2|B,2F,2D,2B,,2|[G,,2G,2] z2 =B,2G,2|C2 G,2E,2 C,2| [F,,2F,2]z2 A,2F,2|G,2F,2E,2 z2|F,2B,2C2C,2|F,,2F,2F,,2F,2:|

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PEN-RHAW (The Spade/Shovel Head). Welsh, Air (whole time). G Major. Standard tuning (fiddle). AABB. A traditional Welsh harp air. Gruffydd Ben Rhaw was the name of a Welsh bard who lived at the beginning of the fifteenth century with whom Edward Jones (1784) associated the tune, an attempt on his part of 'antiquitizing' the piece. The melody has been called a 'corruption' of "John Come Kiss Me Now" a tune popular in England and Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries; Kidson (Groves) notes the two have "considerable affinity." "Pen Rhaw" has also been called "an elaborated form of the French 16th century tune used by Arbeau for the Buffens".

Robin Huw Bowen remarks that the piece has been a vehicle in the past for penillion, a type of singing verses to harp airs which demands that the singer start after the harp, render the song (of a different metre and phrase length) in counterpoint, and finish at the same time! Frank Kidson (Groves) explains:

Pennillion singing is generally a subject in musical competitions. The common method is this. A harper plays a well-known Welsh air; there are several tunes usually employed for the purposes, Pen Rhaw being one - in strict time, over and over again. Each of the company in turn adapts to the tune extemporary words in rhyme, which are answered with a burden of 'Fal lal la' by the rest between the lines. This impromptu poetry must fit the melody in time and tune, and the subject is almost always expected to be humorous or familiar.

Blind harper Edward Jones of Llangollen played this tune in 1828 when he won the prize of the Silver Harp at the Eisteddvod (the Bardic Congress) held at Denbigh.

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